of waukesha



Nov. 1, 1927. R 16,781

H. L. .HORNING MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION original Filed July 28. 1917'Reissued Nov. 1, 1927.

(JNITED STATES I Re. 16,781 PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY L. HOBNING, OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO WAUKESHA MOTORCOMPANY, OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION.

Original No. 1,479,567, dated January 1, 1924, Serial No. 183,226, filedJuly 28, 1917.

reissue filed April 24, 1924. Serial No. 708,829.

The present invention relates broadly to fuel feed devices for internalcombustion engincs and has particular reference to an improvedconstruction of intake manifold I wherein! the -mir;ture previouslypassed through a carbureting device may have the heavier constituentsthereof brought into contact with a heated area so as to "aporize saidconstituents as the same are thrown against. said heated area.

The principal object of my invention is to provide simple and eiiicientmeans for separating the heavier particles of fuel as the same aredelivered from a carbureting device and for bringing the heavierparticles into contact with a heated area to vaporize the same andproduce a fuel mixture of good quality. One of the greatest sources oftrouble in the modern internal combustion engine is due to the use of apoor grade of gasoline. the heavier constituents of which do not becomethoroughly vaporized. and therefore my invention has been designed foruse in the proper vaporization of such fuel.

It is also desirable, at times, to use a low grade of fuel such askerosene or the like and my improved manifold will be found useful inthis connection in efiectively vaporizing such fuel.

"An advantage of the structure shown is that it responds with a veryslight time lag to momentary variations in the operating condition ofthe engine.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following detaileddescription and the claims, taken with an inspection of the accompanyingdrawings. in which- 4 Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an exhaust manifoldand an intake manifold associated and having my invention employed inconnection therewith;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking inthe direction of the arrows;

.Fig. 3' is a side view of the hot plate;

Fig. -1 is a side view of a modified form of hot plate; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 4, looking inthe direction of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawing. wherein similar charactersof reference designate 'like and corresponding parts throughout thevarious views, designates Application for in its entirety the exhaustmanifold of an internal combustion engine and 11 designates the intakemanifold. The exhaust manifold 10 is provided at convenient points withthe usual connecting elbow extensions 12, 13,14 and 15 and with theclown-turned end 16 which is connected by means of a clamp 17 to-asuitable muflling device (not shown). The intake manifold 11 is providedwith the usual elbow extensions 18 and 19 which are in communicationwith the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine to deliverthe explosive charge thereto.

My invention contemplates broadly the separation of the fuelconstituents of high boiling point from those of low boiling point andthe selective heating of those of high boiling point. It contemplatesthe separation automatically by the physical characteristics of theconstituents. Those of higher boiling point are of greater weight and,in a mixture insufficient in temperature to vaporize them, exist inlarger globules. Either or both of these characteristics may be reliedon to effect separation. The weight and small surface of the lowerboiling constituents compared with weight of the globules of the heavierconstituents make separation by centrifugal action eflective. Thisseparation by centrifugal action may be effected by a fan or other meansor may be effected by determining a certain path for the mixture. as isthecase in the specific embodiment herein shown, and described asfollows:

The receiving end, of the intake manifold 11 is curved as at 20, saidcurved portion being tangential to the main portion 10 of the exhaustmanifold. As best shown in Fig. 2, an opening 21 is formed in the curvedportion 20 of the intake manifold at a point where the intake manifoldextends, tangential to but spaced slightly from the exhaust manifold.The exhaust manifold is provided with a. similar opening 22, the marginsof the openings 21 and 22 being reenforced as at 23 and 2s.

. The margins of the openings 21 and 22 are arranged in spaced relationto accommodate a hot plate 25 therebetween, said plate be ing formed ofa casting provided with heat radiating ribs 26 and 27, on its oppositefaces,

said platebeing gripped between, the mar- 26 and 27 projecting into theexhaust and intake manifolds. respectively. The intake side of the plateis recessed and the ribs .27 extend from the recess approximately halfway the diameter of the intake mani- 'lold as best shown in Fig. 2. Thecontour of the ribs 26 and 27 is such that the same do not offer anymaterial resistance to the passage of the lire or exhaust gases throughtheir respective manifolds, said ribs being arranged parallel to theline of travel of the I do not lay any particular stress upon thecontour of the hot. plate as far as the plan of the same is concerned.since this plate may be circular or rectangular as desired- Howeier. insome instances it would probably be 1:referred that the plate erectangular as a greater heating. area thereby afforded.

This hot plate can be placed anywhere in the exhaust manifold Where itssurfaces are adequately swept by the exhaust gas trom the cylinder, itbeing desirable. of course. to position the plate so that it. mayreceive the maximum amount of heat; to this cud it is placed to receivethe flame as it emerges from the cylinders.

The position of the plate in the intake manifold has already beenexplained.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I have illustrated a modified form of hot plate, thesame beinc formed of a sheet of metal designated 29, said sheet havingheat radiating projections and ill formed thereon; said projectionsbeing struck from the sheet alternately in opposite directions, as bestshown in Fig. 5. The general contour of the members 30 and 31 .issimilar to that of the ribs 26 and 27 of the plates 25. The shape ofsaid members is bestshown in Fig. 4. In using the hot plate 29 the sameis applied in the same position. as the plate 25 hereinhet'oredescribed. Of course, the marginal portion of the plate 29 being of lessthickness than the plate 25 will necessitate bringing the manifoldscloser togetheror the insertion of washers to take up the space betweenthe margins ot the openings in said manifolds. In some in-- stanceswhere very heavy fuel constituents are used this type of hot plate willbe preferred, owing to its superior heat, conductivity.

In use the fuel is admitted to the intake manifold after passage througha carburetina device at. the. curved portion of said intake manifold.and the speed will: which the gas passes through the intake manifoldcauses the heavier particles thereof to be thrown outwardly bycentrifugal force into contact with the ribs 27 or 31 as the case maybe. The heat from the exhaust manitold is conducted to the ribs on theintake side of the hot plate by means of the ribs on the exhaust side ofsaid hot plate.

The structure shown in Fig. 5 is particlelarly advantageous becauseitratlords a direct thermal connection between the incoming and outgoinggases, largely independent of the temperatures ol the larger masses ofmetal forming the manifolds. Thus. in starting. as soon as the tirsllcu' charges of burnt gas have llou'ed over the hot plate. otter-tirehot spot action occurs in the inlet manifold. long hel'orc the exhaustmanifold 10 has been heated through. Similarly. when the throttleissuddcnly thrown wide open.as in climbing a short sleephill.theincreased supply of heat is immediately etlectire. lly the timethe top oi the hill has been reached and the throttle nearly closed. themanifold l l has become rel-y hot. but as a relatively large port ion ofcorrugations ill] and ill is relatively remote from the inanifold interms of thermal connection through the metal, the cooling action of theinconiin cases and the heating action of the exhaust determine aninstantaneous heat balance only slightly intcrlcrcd with by the temper"ature ot' manil'old l0, and the so-cnlled hot spot" may at. such timeshe colder than the rest of manifold it) by a surprising temperaturedillerence.

The article may be placed in position on any type of internal combustionengine in which a straight flow intake manitold is cur ployed and inwhich the receiving end of said manifold is adjacent to the exhaustmanifold. of c urse. the device is not limited in its a jiplication tostraight intake i'nanitolds. It will he particuhn-ly IiOticcd that theproperly vaporized l'uel passing through the intake manifold ispractically unaffected by the hot plate: only the larger or unvaporizedparticles of the fuel coming" into contact with the hot plate. Thus itwill be seen that I have provided means for feeding an explosive mixtureto an int rnal combustion engine and means for separating and properlyvaporizing: the heavier particles of the fuel supplied.

Various alterations may be made in the detailed structure and in theshape and size of the hot plate Without departingfrom the spirit andscope of the invention as claimed.

I claimr- I 1. In crn'nl'iimition. intake and exhaust manifolds. theformer having a curved per lion. the convex side whereof is arrangedclose to the exhaust manifold, said mani lolrls having: aligned openingsadjacent the curved portion of the intake manifold. a hot plateconsisting of a body disposed between the intake and exhaust manifoldsand closing said openings, and provided. with oppositely extending ribsarranged in said manifolds and parallel respectively to the lines offlow of gas through said manifolds, to convey heat from theexhaustmanitold to the intake ,rnanifold and vaporize the heavy ductingand radiating rihs'struck therefrom.

said rihs being alternately disposed in said intake and exhaustmanifolds.

I). In combination, intake and exhaus manifolds, said manifolds beingclose together along a restricted area but otherwise thermallyseparated, said manifolds having registering openings at said restrictedarea,

a wall closing said openings against direct inter-flow, said wall beingof thin heat conductive metal and having ribs projecting from oppositesides thereof into the exhaust and intake manifolds respectively-andex-' tending parallel to the direction of flow therethrough, wherehy'extensive area will he presented for the rapid transfer of vaporizingheat from the exhaust gases to the unvaporized fuel particles in theintake mix? ture during a comparatively very short dis tanceot' travelof said gases and mixture and without materially heating'the entirestream of intake mixture. I 1

fl; In combination, intake and exhaust manifolds, said manifolds beingclose together along a restricted area but otherwise thermallyseparated, a Wall at said'restrieted area separating said manifoldsagainst d,i rect interfiow of gas and intake mixture, said all being ofthin heat conductive metal shaped on opposite sides to present extensivearea to the exhaust gases and intake mixture respectively for the rapidtransfer of vaporizing heat from the exhaust gases to the nnvaporizedfuel ,particlesin the intake mixture during a very short distance oftravel of said gas and mixture and Without materially heating the entirestream of intake mixture.

5. In combination, intake and exhaust manifolds, said manifolds beingclose to" gether along arestricted area but otherwise thermallyseparated,a Wall at said restricted area separating saidmanifoldsagainst direct interfiow ofgas and intake mixture, said -\\'all being ofthin heat conductive metal shaped on opposite sides to present extensive area to the exhaust gases for the rapid transfer of heat fromthe exhaust gases to said ivall, said heated wall being positioned tointercept and cause vaporization of the unvaporized fuel particles inthe mixture Without materially heating the entire stream of intakemixture.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 12th day of April,1924.

HARRY L. HORNING.

